{"id":"W3009833761","doi":"10.17863/cam.48579","title":"TAX DISPUTES IN INVESTOR-STATE ARBITRATION","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","topic":"Economic Issues in Ukraine","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Government of Canada; Cargill; Duke Energy","keywords":"Arbitration; State (computer science); Business; Law and economics; Economics; International economics; Political science; Law; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002790423,0.0002326654,0.0007374154,0.0004746167,0.0001244974,0.00001848332,0.000442915,0.0002433152,0.0002116842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009636587,0.000398206,0.0001943731,0.0003071562,0.00008048017,0.0003416771,0.00007648525,0.0004090987,0.0004876528],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000221182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008024554,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003583362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003320634,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986647,0.00002594259,0.0004847755,0.0005386483,0.00004636463,0.0002395842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986787,0.00005391201,0.0008154148,0.0003219504,0.00003433019,0.00009565055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006411657,0.0003604841,0.03020382,0.001608129,0.0006541899,0.000213675,0.09893707,0.0003349232,0.000545073,0.8422633,0.0213722,0.002865915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005171283,0.0004562333,0.2218064,0.0005642871,0.0001166749,0.000006385587,0.01121075,0.01242663,0.001082857,0.02571183,0.7185649,0.002881805],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7508946,0.001235572,0.000276921,0.0006543233,0.0007389347,0.0003147773,0.0004114351,0.00004131348,0.2454321],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9581185,0.0006364979,0.0009773087,0.00014333,0.00006927051,0.000001063024,0.0009992212,0.00004140045,0.03901342],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8165515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999847,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01701586544673169,"score_gpt":0.1870016532195915,"score_spread":0.1699857877728598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}