{"id":"W3010532058","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics12030208","title":"Theoretical and Experimental Gas Volume Quantification of Micro- and Nanobubble Ultrasound Contrast Agents","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pharmaceutics","topic":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Contrast (vision); Volume (thermodynamics); Ultrasound; Biomedical engineering; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Medicine; Radiology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004173232,0.00009262364,0.0001119086,0.00001478009,0.00004435163,0.0000257505,0.0000595278,0.00003666143,0.0001577027],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001195939,0.00009530898,0.00001770988,0.00006153996,0.0001689895,0.00005017369,0.00001363333,0.0000801951,0.00001335998],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008702588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004893255,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001269661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.922692e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995403,0.00001248282,0.0001428431,0.0001212239,0.00006764816,0.0001155425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997197,0.00005736233,0.0000195174,0.00007024798,0.00001722251,0.0001159806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009882829,0.00003031424,0.001887043,0.00004738919,0.00002953032,3.941583e-7,0.0009718818,0.0001017178,0.991259,0.004794763,0.0002818171,0.0005862266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006637393,0.0000279639,0.001045709,0.00000874928,0.00006433929,0.00001951965,0.0004049957,0.05174072,0.9297375,0.0003061537,0.01580239,0.0001781914],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950169,0.001733701,0.001835939,0.0003244095,0.00004445233,0.00016389,0.00004554148,0.00007618108,0.0007590232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985141,0.0005964242,0.0006071993,0.0001872048,0.0000415582,0.00001131413,0.00001458146,0.00001950922,0.000008106238],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06152152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3886587,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02951974343641509,"score_gpt":0.2858545473687119,"score_spread":0.2563348039322968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}