{"id":"W3010887084","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109926","title":"From apathy to addiction: Insights from neurology and psychiatry","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry","topic":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Addiction; Dopamine; Psychology; Neuroscience; Apathy; Reward system; Impulsivity; Striatum; Psychiatry; Cognition","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000117101,0.001358368,0.002546022,0.000500899,0.0002813116,0.0001372461,0.001346939,0.001485605,0.0003734388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001188268,0.001064082,0.0003836006,0.001156667,0.001136981,0.0001903119,0.0005893342,0.003315401,0.0002839495],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002578238,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000173168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001054207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000011493,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9911723,0.00205883,0.00153755,0.003992977,0.0003208607,0.000917451],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968947,0.001104324,0.0005662827,0.000607154,0.0000258653,0.0008017448],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001704614,0.001091049,0.06134789,0.0006181543,0.00009216554,0.0007389009,0.0001729585,2.728849e-7,0.0002084712,0.0003411907,0.003533002,0.9301513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002577978,0.001584702,0.02532796,0.0008908224,0.0004726395,0.0002231461,0.00001087651,0.000008254872,0.000008988969,0.002414712,0.9652027,0.001277255],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1685805,0.8112269,0.0000042274,0.005532865,0.01133545,0.00238312,0.0005571836,0.0003255538,0.00005414198],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006307427,0.9629933,0.0006689844,0.02652063,0.002114587,0.001201668,0.00005942724,0.000129276,0.000004751393],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9616697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05059969668356009,"score_gpt":0.3612984857349895,"score_spread":0.3106987890514294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}