{"id":"W3011277790","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.0c00117","title":"Efficiency of Urea Solutions in Enhanced Oil Recovery","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Kuwait Oil Company; Suncor Energy Incorporated; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Imperial Oil Limited; Canadian Natural Resources Limited; Cenovus Energy; University of Calgary","keywords":"Surface tension; Urea; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Enhanced oil recovery; Viscosity; Chemical engineering; Viscous fingering; Chemistry; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Porous medium; Porosity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003568807,0.0004759959,0.0002594371,0.0002464367,0.0001186031,0.0002786881,0.0002976688,0.0003711023,0.0008672862],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005704068,0.0001525375,0.0001963926,0.0002613799,0.0001536119,0.000437094,0.0002829565,0.0003117598,0.0002858325],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002239602,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001988738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00107654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00218991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997591,0.00003513201,0.00002709985,0.00004629038,0.00007913663,0.00005321486],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997987,0.00006024697,0.0000572683,0.00001369045,0.00005898305,0.00001115665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000409167,0.00001615674,0.00005608177,0.00006396151,0.000002769296,0.00002900115,0.00001155193,0.0001014226,0.9977238,0.00002941417,0.00001536068,0.001909588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000131116,0.00006265485,0.0001072373,0.000001766118,0.000002788089,0.000009492219,0.000003662187,0.0002379749,0.9993312,0.000003303249,0.0002373127,0.00000135228],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914176,0.001571592,0.00511381,0.00006631642,0.00002696174,0.00004503566,0.0001733461,0.0001185063,0.001466805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860772,0.001565816,0.01021976,0.00004090456,0.00000760587,0.00004087119,0.0001686021,0.00003543434,0.001843808],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00107654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002901316,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01448647784358923,"score_gpt":0.216063126729219,"score_spread":0.2015766488856298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}