{"id":"W3011277790","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.0c00117","title":"Efficiency of Urea Solutions in Enhanced Oil Recovery","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Kuwait Oil Company; Suncor Energy Incorporated; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Imperial Oil Limited; Canadian Natural Resources Limited; Cenovus Energy; University of Calgary","keywords":"Surface tension; Urea; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Enhanced oil recovery; Viscosity; Chemical engineering; Viscous fingering; Chemistry; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Composite material; Thermodynamics; Porous medium; Porosity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008044411,0.0001040797,0.0001792047,0.00009009612,0.00001471885,0.000007447621,0.0001730996,0.00007990994,0.00001361048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001342731,0.0001166504,0.00004692536,0.0004599732,0.00002510999,0.0001563694,0.00003914637,0.0001592069,0.00003338303],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005840404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002039381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000125429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002457511,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992785,0.00001246047,0.0002411354,0.0001355316,0.0001089789,0.0002234322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996672,0.00006733667,0.00002833818,0.0001654812,0.00002382662,0.00004779352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002023866,0.00005161704,0.00009563609,0.0002285245,0.00002204642,0.000005301794,0.0006772328,0.02773209,0.9071633,0.0005362217,0.002638813,0.06082895],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002631353,0.0001168371,0.0004372885,0.0001034119,0.000006935535,0.000001023073,0.00004608446,0.0039761,0.9917863,0.0007190763,0.002303982,0.0002398003],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9052299,0.0006263249,0.02528235,0.0001398897,0.0001727,0.00007323002,0.0000179436,0.0005805104,0.06787716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973319,0.0005039754,0.00190837,0.00007740053,0.00003078433,0.00002509444,0.000004576233,0.00002289752,0.00009506546],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09210194,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4756865,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01448647784358923,"score_gpt":0.216063126729219,"score_spread":0.2015766488856298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}