{"id":"W3011603206","doi":"10.22495/rgcv10i1p4","title":"Risk disclosure and firm risk: Evidence from Canadian firms","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Risk Governance and Control Financial Markets & Institutions","topic":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Accounting; Business; Risk management; Boilerplate text; Stock exchange; Business risks; Voluntary disclosure; Actuarial science; Finance; Risk analysis (engineering)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004602125,0.0004239136,0.0004731087,0.00007175188,0.001583589,0.0004623136,0.0004198707,0.0001629099,0.000178868],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02710287,0.0004195715,0.000130833,0.0005340586,0.0003019845,0.001958184,0.0002493754,0.0007298747,0.0001871721],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001163683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000265342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3517379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2416597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975907,0.00006369567,0.0004531524,0.0008478138,0.0004131267,0.0006315084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9935137,0.0002325794,0.005627012,0.0003509504,0.0001292326,0.0001465234],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001883905,0.00002259786,0.8463515,0.00004911972,0.00006595765,0.00005150738,0.0001391756,0.0002442225,0.00001488876,0.007051952,0.008263325,0.1375574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000946451,0.00001690436,0.611743,0.0001567316,0.0002731789,9.112725e-7,0.0000240921,0.002922867,0.000001087575,0.0006945036,0.3828907,0.0003296058],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9364848,0.006376466,0.04548369,0.005619176,0.0005254101,0.0007555442,0.001475975,0.0001594711,0.003119451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852598,0.009802113,0.0001544742,0.002697008,0.001827968,0.00007068158,0.00002236843,0.00003266482,0.0001328704],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3746274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008132184004306804,"score_gpt":0.1922496435800131,"score_spread":0.1841174595757064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}