{"id":"W3012360214","doi":"10.1017/aog.2020.11","title":"Five decades of radioglaciology","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Glaciology","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":136,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK","keywords":"Glaciology; Geology; Depth sounding; Geophysics; Remote sensing; Context (archaeology); Radar; Mars Exploration Program; Cryosphere; Astrobiology; Aerospace engineering; Sea ice; Stratigraphy; Seismology; Climatology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001069617,0.00007035155,0.0002840722,0.00001676507,0.0000363836,0.000001166274,0.0001561315,0.0000682802,0.001174611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002403428,0.00005657422,0.00007372955,0.0001577807,0.0002592417,0.00003820564,0.00001518395,0.00006428428,0.00003723485],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":2.532689e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002209587,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004558182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001697775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993219,0.00006389559,0.0002523019,0.0001386486,0.00005569826,0.0001675795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993414,0.0003007653,0.000128172,0.00008781851,0.00008074142,0.00006106751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001256529,0.00001197278,0.9749005,0.00002704541,0.00008586206,0.000003415048,0.001251336,0.001187263,0.0001846111,0.001900886,0.009781953,0.01053953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001644119,0.0006658154,0.9638267,0.000003621117,0.000009984617,0.000002395995,0.0005847903,0.001091558,0.000541378,0.001485569,0.03154698,0.00007680718],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.986742,0.003218862,0.0001351148,0.007865498,0.0001112843,0.00006331826,0.00007146697,0.00001213394,0.00178035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958947,0.0008476851,0.0006011344,0.002517636,0.00007910212,4.543713e-7,0.00003037763,0.000001364419,0.00002754031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02176503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997385,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09319316137584067,"score_gpt":0.2901821181835635,"score_spread":0.1969889568077228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}