{"id":"W3013509102","doi":"10.1007/s00300-020-02647-w","title":"A phenological comparison of grizzly (Ursus arctos) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) as waterfowl nest predators in Wapusk National Park","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Polar Biology","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Department of Biology, University of North Dakota; Delta Waterfowl; Arctic Goose Joint Venture; College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Dakota; Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ursus maritimus; Ursus; Waterfowl; Predation; Grizzly Bears; Eider; Biology; Goose; Anatidae; Ecology; Nest (protein structural motif); National park; Foraging; Habitat; Arctic; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002632446,0.0001767341,0.0003864099,0.00003220674,0.00007226774,0.00001012052,0.0002794568,0.0001483476,0.001009392],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003797072,0.0001487956,0.00004836882,0.0002198335,0.0004574891,0.0000705662,0.0007844061,0.0002349733,0.0001753576],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008939444,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001608831,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005853591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001896451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984732,0.0001721112,0.0003532278,0.0004352596,0.0002196524,0.0003465033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995322,0.0001182957,0.0001042852,0.0001060941,0.00001710456,0.0001220867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000114362,0.0001114928,0.9903511,0.00001984736,0.00002302731,0.000005572436,0.0003102469,0.00001176625,0.002919692,0.001420908,0.0005360906,0.004175921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006759873,0.0008961961,0.9537923,0.000008287833,0.00001571767,0.00001021351,0.0001784492,0.0003874146,0.0003727657,0.001169315,0.04227677,0.0002165469],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909189,0.0009201402,0.00001099459,0.002517178,0.00005697339,0.00021579,0.00006031593,0.00002519033,0.005274485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983997,0.0002038301,0.0004713891,0.0008088023,0.00004618508,0.00001363335,0.00003577653,0.000009608004,0.00001108375],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04174068,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999038,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.037059208288489,"score_gpt":0.2865120826168414,"score_spread":0.2494528743283524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}