{"id":"W3013750113","doi":"10.1007/s10728-020-00394-x","title":"When are Pharmaceuticals Priced Fairly? An Alternative Risk-Sharing Model for Pharmaceutical Pricing","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Care Analysis","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Impact","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Business; Health informatics; Actuarial science; Drug pricing; Public health; Medicine; Alternative medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008429778,0.0003558931,0.001274056,0.0004451956,0.0003948459,0.0001767035,0.0006022095,0.0001327342,0.0003328618],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002025991,0.0004240516,0.0006250392,0.0007235423,0.00006349035,0.0004045744,0.0001690129,0.0004917587,0.0001571571],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004733811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000089483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000389187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001153788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963788,0.00005201244,0.001345601,0.001213127,0.00008563942,0.0009248069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970152,0.0001505071,0.0009692287,0.0004523229,0.0001247218,0.001287995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001116412,0.0008317131,0.1950551,0.00218775,0.01053644,0.00001943614,0.08142594,0.4129471,0.00006975349,0.25771,0.009106056,0.02899428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001235946,0.000099225,0.0006168213,0.00000791316,0.0003777588,4.183861e-7,0.0003816706,0.9627212,0.00008441286,0.009312945,0.02471873,0.0004429319],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.159704,0.01234291,0.7589239,0.05309694,0.000448006,0.002477777,0.007085036,0.0004015474,0.005519817],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9541941,0.001200628,0.005164384,0.03850966,0.0004993015,0.0001201149,0.0001670781,0.00006823857,0.00007654569],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.198469277717815,"score_gpt":0.4060448817579801,"score_spread":0.2075756040401651,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}