{"id":"W3014483912","doi":"10.1109/lascas51355.2021.9459170","title":"Hardware Trojan with Frequency Modulation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Hardware Trojan; Trojan; Side channel attack; Field-programmable gate array; Robustness (evolution); Computer science; Embedded system; Hardware security module; Identification (biology); Power consumption; Electronic circuit; Computer hardware; Computer security; Power (physics); Engineering; Cryptography; Electrical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001225144,0.0003605933,0.0004128469,0.0001343386,0.0001844156,0.000695664,0.001058908,0.0002272643,0.0002060595],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002899747,0.0002965725,0.0002010749,0.0004798108,0.00004756628,0.0007157197,0.001203441,0.0007119438,0.00006593275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001445876,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005396073,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005258657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002857758,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975862,0.00009769922,0.0002877937,0.001105724,0.0005594571,0.0003631605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975243,0.00004472742,0.0001484348,0.001659848,0.0004485102,0.0001741749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000313945,0.001267616,0.00277776,0.0005789559,0.0005747264,0.0003473766,0.002714438,0.01904448,0.001227275,0.8955044,0.005457697,0.07047391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001963831,0.0006629277,0.06478119,0.0009960039,0.0002102111,0.000112638,0.0003035599,0.5456942,0.004109426,0.3652892,0.01159825,0.00427859],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02069155,0.0001203598,0.9443715,0.001060483,0.0009276398,0.0003183612,0.0000161088,0.0006329886,0.03186106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9018466,0.00002066999,0.09611258,0.0003269293,0.0003135598,0.00008174428,0.000183002,0.00002196885,0.001092911],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8811551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01564404804982874,"score_gpt":0.22451324317576,"score_spread":0.2088691951259313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}