{"id":"W3014843653","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.0c00913","title":"Sustainable Valorization of Whey by Electroactivation Technology for <i>In Situ</i> Isomerization of Lactose into Lactulose: Comparison between Electroactivation and Chemical Processes at Equivalent Solution Alkalinity","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies","keywords":"Lactulose; Alkalinity; Lactose; Chemistry; Isomerization; Prebiotic; Catalysis; Food science; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000161898,0.0001435531,0.0002820293,0.00009773421,0.00005825321,0.000009311962,0.0001062991,0.0002287825,5.396378e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005569573,0.0001482039,0.00003478534,0.0004805994,0.00008378187,0.00003661541,0.00009075022,0.00008237574,1.352744e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006623723,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007671404,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003748646,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000136954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989051,0.00004218954,0.000372554,0.0003305768,0.0001323466,0.0002172129],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99914,0.0000341034,0.0003688214,0.0001151741,0.0003016764,0.00004019009],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004484532,0.0001165248,0.02330224,0.0003518001,0.00004947286,4.269708e-8,0.000133434,0.00001537301,0.9738263,0.0001068604,0.0001098618,0.001539601],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007152776,0.0007263834,0.001049414,0.00001562358,0.00003708771,3.171509e-7,0.0001283791,0.0001428548,0.9959753,0.0004999342,0.0005701723,0.0001392695],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.968502,0.0005505852,0.02962314,0.0007206402,0.000005592115,0.0005437099,0.00001918622,0.00001344545,0.00002166876],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980865,0.0001860545,0.0005169381,0.00003981506,0.00005646337,0.00006981567,0.001008816,0.00001670821,0.00001892375],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02958443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6043579,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01197051902190178,"score_gpt":0.2597118412823556,"score_spread":0.2477413222604539,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}