{"id":"W3014952333","doi":"10.1139/facets-2019-0037","title":"Threshold concepts and sustainability: features of a contested paradigm","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"FACETS","topic":"Environmental Education and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Paradigm shift; Unpacking; Sustainability science; Adaptability; Process (computing); Engineering ethics; Sustainability organizations; Face (sociological concept); Sociology; Management science; Political science; Epistemology; Computer science; Knowledge management; Social science; Management; Engineering; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009745021,0.00009829893,0.0001454251,0.000007341617,0.00005128816,0.00001162968,0.0001105015,0.00004502263,0.0009634277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001787332,0.0000883945,0.00003236718,0.0001087534,0.0004897247,0.000109039,0.0001404418,0.00009406538,0.00002239574],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001133637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001947152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001294553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001618275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992171,0.00004184475,0.0001507928,0.0002665824,0.0001605136,0.000163198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995691,0.00003823755,0.00004985092,0.0001688354,0.000005775764,0.0001682343],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006561104,0.000168339,0.973197,0.00009781212,0.000010808,0.000004859946,0.01022376,0.000315403,0.002781498,0.001714527,0.005763521,0.005656881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004429351,0.0001416512,0.9743439,0.000003106043,0.000008716386,0.00000342082,0.0048957,0.0001938174,0.002466908,0.002587262,0.01476897,0.0001436107],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860719,0.0001508923,0.0000528417,0.0090045,0.00002172337,0.0003644177,0.000006532061,0.00002545527,0.00430167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983684,0.000009884448,0.00007820226,0.001138104,0.000008655066,0.00001270414,0.000003831002,0.000006255215,0.000373935],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01229646,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999498,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01179337682597963,"score_gpt":0.2711427051806697,"score_spread":0.2593493283546901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}