{"id":"W3016811958","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3504065","title":"An Axiomatic Approach to Credit Rating","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Credit rating; Bond credit rating; Axiom; Actuarial science; Axiomatic system; Business; Economics; Econometrics; Mathematics; Credit reference; Credit risk","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001481806,0.000129836,0.0002790651,0.0002507594,0.0001917749,0.0001212632,0.0003169075,0.0000764637,0.00007430439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007697238,0.0001416414,0.000108585,0.0003119348,0.00001421483,0.0003523026,0.00002349389,0.0006757029,0.0008728543],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005023543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002973287,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008009662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000697307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978238,0.00001548157,0.0004845117,0.0002789657,0.00006219731,0.001335035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992965,0.00001892661,0.0002370277,0.0002859772,0.00003537492,0.0001262001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000962811,0.00008204296,0.02785546,0.000004526357,0.0000278792,2.428517e-7,0.0003590126,0.0009760102,0.00006416561,0.9665701,0.0001003763,0.003950501],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001092764,0.0008188145,0.09567681,0.00001980416,0.00001365728,0.0001975273,0.002066527,0.01955611,0.00002211114,0.8621404,0.01776008,0.0006353988],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.841009,0.0009962635,0.1324036,0.0002467777,0.0004986792,0.0002220896,0.00001076599,0.00003340745,0.02457944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954833,0.000163066,0.00147416,0.00004059135,0.0006320676,0.000009866578,0.00001008126,0.00002806072,0.002158767],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1544744,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01304233138886488,"score_gpt":0.2171772595771647,"score_spread":0.2041349281882998,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}