{"id":"W3016830144","doi":"10.3390/jrfm13040074","title":"The Costs and Benefits of Bank Capital—A Review of the Literature","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; York University","keywords":"Capital requirement; Economics; Risk-adjusted return on capital; Capital (architecture); Capital adequacy ratio; Cost of capital; Basel II; Basel III; Market liquidity; Economic capital; Financial capital; Actuarial science; Monetary economics; Capital formation; Microeconomics; Incentive","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008263729,0.0000728513,0.0002738472,0.00004547384,0.00009716583,0.00002588454,0.0001868889,0.00003138647,0.000005691447],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003496027,0.00004712187,0.00009930176,0.0002956608,0.00008513294,0.00007700536,0.00009302278,0.0001251834,5.495749e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000172694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008780504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007694286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007317698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990861,0.00002519521,0.0006272318,0.0001082314,0.00006906457,0.00008420458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988253,0.00005717573,0.0008559587,0.0001478236,0.00008439417,0.00002934027],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000068467,0.0001041465,0.1954746,0.00315973,0.00005776343,0.000002220981,0.003610124,0.0001181832,0.000001841579,0.5178927,0.001722896,0.2777874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003683754,0.0001227199,0.9327967,0.00131346,0.00004249482,0.000003692959,0.00006044152,0.00003816801,0.00001127031,0.01466039,0.05050565,0.00007668901],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6450089,0.3511875,0.0005666101,0.002044929,0.0002699389,0.0002543993,0.00005920389,0.000001795398,0.0006067901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8283717,0.1712189,0.0001636023,0.0001676759,0.00005780963,0.000001067607,3.360415e-7,0.000003919803,0.00001500261],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7373221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1921574,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009556702775985698,"score_gpt":0.1951226543655381,"score_spread":0.1855659515895524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}