{"id":"W3016994559","doi":"10.2118/193196-pa","title":"Smartwater Effects on Wettability, Adhesion, and Oil Liberation in Carbonates","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Journal","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Wetting; Contact angle; Carbonate; Imbibition; Salinity; Mineralogy; Calcium carbonate; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Enhanced oil recovery; Adhesion; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001200241,0.0000857124,0.0001079623,0.00005426457,0.00002012229,0.00004791495,0.00004739255,0.00005214715,0.0000221931],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006508201,0.00007405587,0.00002250372,0.00006836752,0.000007881024,0.0001352762,0.00001386271,0.0002919888,0.00001148089],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005519527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006734469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002473264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001391765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995251,0.00003113024,0.0001453927,0.00008359194,0.0000953112,0.000119498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997875,0.00005963353,0.00001656934,0.00004995339,0.00001332013,0.00007299358],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001183441,0.00004702515,0.02904603,0.0006399406,0.00004491566,0.0002051123,0.002040493,0.005995526,0.4705327,0.0001655492,0.006593091,0.4845713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006260693,0.0003842794,0.02486928,0.0002973415,0.000009539795,0.00004431628,0.00001499274,0.01091541,0.9540207,0.0048528,0.003686239,0.000279013],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951615,0.0002712811,0.0002558004,0.0008282138,0.0001623227,0.00003469068,6.092943e-7,0.0001215654,0.003164027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973324,0.0004038987,0.001792384,0.0002269953,0.0001921938,0.000003884307,7.316673e-7,0.00001805249,0.00002948424],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4842923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3019911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006426998813022141,"score_gpt":0.2035975612111838,"score_spread":0.1971705623981617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}