{"id":"W3018063079","doi":"10.3102/0091732x20903304","title":"Mining Big Data in Education: Affordances and Challenges","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of Research in Education","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":394,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Big data; Operationalization; Clickstream; Affordance; Computer science; Data science; Social media; Scalability; World Wide Web; Human–computer interaction; Data mining; The Internet","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03186027,0.001061575,0.002214832,0.005029051,0.002122575,0.01308693,0.003559095,0.004948376,0.001567935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06868016,0.001244,0.001371359,0.009266214,0.007311715,0.02902113,0.007394505,0.006898629,0.0006646687],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002130327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004615779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003674691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006812214,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9789833,0.01293819,0.001590351,0.001809084,0.004200665,0.0004785094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8919458,0.09473794,0.003491784,0.003143173,0.005039534,0.001641684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001358076,0.0001369301,0.01894641,0.01391336,0.0003326134,0.0005039287,0.004620951,0.009784563,0.0007521215,0.3220486,0.03767006,0.5911546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003815129,0.00008535389,0.004891277,0.00724463,0.0001156346,0.0007467655,0.01021002,0.01906811,0.0007101407,0.7367052,0.2200482,0.0001364526],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02016166,0.4528541,0.1281639,0.3821288,0.002247382,0.0002422524,0.001434362,0.0004117732,0.01235584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3077859,0.4611101,0.1970027,0.01948185,0.009696397,0.0009764936,0.001821438,0.0002522049,0.001872835],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03186027,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1684952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.350731097716792,"score_gpt":0.4934688276313375,"score_spread":0.1427377299145456,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}