{"id":"W3020617474","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2020.110610","title":"Code smells and refactoring: A tertiary systematic review of challenges and observations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Systems and Software","topic":"Software Engineering Research","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":206,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"","keywords":"Code refactoring; Code smell; Code (set theory); Systematic review; Quality (philosophy); Code review; Software","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007187553,0.00009986285,0.0005507017,0.00006926146,0.00003389866,0.00006288932,0.0002417138,0.00004192033,3.689507e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001753593,0.00007275103,0.0000393361,0.0001152194,0.00002459007,0.0003154281,0.0001211004,0.0001464305,3.21439e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001466682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004224727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000341363,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.043103e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987698,0.00009126691,0.0005604369,0.0001377941,0.0003304225,0.000110272],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983969,0.0006818788,0.0003142293,0.0001802943,0.0002420593,0.0001846346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004209297,0.00002366633,0.01560045,0.9772394,0.0001684469,0.00007203902,0.003957793,0.0000198646,0.0002036556,0.001163812,0.0003107885,0.001235909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001521868,0.001294792,0.1713459,0.8134999,0.0003469347,0.002464607,0.001224192,0.005633854,0.0001478208,0.0002792901,0.001481196,0.0007596125],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05796239,0.8955972,0.04340069,0.002317031,0.0001973051,0.000463125,0.000006422037,0.00005197507,0.000003840901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8570211,0.1330602,0.009529492,0.0002044515,0.0001263883,0.00001301143,3.498781e-7,0.00001896077,0.00002607899],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7990587,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2966701,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07286601472112181,"score_gpt":0.2727328992233252,"score_spread":0.1998668845022034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}