{"id":"W3020841561","doi":"10.1142/s1363919619500129","title":"PATENT OWNERSHIP FRAGMENTATION AND MARKET VALUE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Innovation Management","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Patent portfolio; Portfolio; Intellectual property; Business; Transaction cost; Industrial organization; Profit (economics); Market value; Bargaining power; Fragmentation (computing); Economics; Microeconomics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002501566,0.0003504692,0.0007657333,0.003640372,0.0005999531,0.002620486,0.001391448,0.001470464,0.01130435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01980371,0.0003453913,0.001043817,0.00454936,0.001362573,0.003565215,0.00140225,0.001727924,0.00142619],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001397012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006477544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006620154,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004001677,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987701,0.0002905412,0.00007991767,0.0002045129,0.0002713776,0.000383682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9308481,0.04118359,0.02082347,0.001601895,0.001590622,0.003952407],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003182696,0.0005868139,0.9828377,0.00004524233,0.0002547636,0.000421452,0.0003159615,0.002619739,0.0003258504,0.001821853,0.0009724859,0.009479855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004999606,0.0002861172,0.9798114,0.00003128835,0.0001271816,0.0002830404,0.0007078258,0.01468067,0.0002591819,0.002366379,0.001373227,0.00002363118],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957224,0.0005973437,0.0003741343,0.000299007,0.000004897719,0.00002775779,0.000766057,0.00001616128,0.00219224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985759,0.000105516,0.00008399033,0.00002448263,0.00002794069,0.00001326503,0.000755558,0.000005225206,0.0004080375],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01130435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03781682,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1681320725424271,"score_gpt":0.3135021559284107,"score_spread":0.1453700833859836,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}