{"id":"W3020859316","doi":"10.14786/flr.v6i3.551","title":"Paradigmatic Issues in State-of-the-Art Research Using Process Data","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontline Learning Research","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Surprise; Psychology; Process (computing); Cognitive psychology; Context (archaeology); Raw data; Interpretation (philosophy); Cognition; Generalization; Cognitive science; Social psychology; Epistemology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.04927998,0.0001908668,0.0004667609,0.001016798,0.00043239,0.00008849057,0.002096945,0.0001645712,0.001001254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007322202,0.0001519791,0.00004822669,0.003063583,0.0005174772,0.000214135,0.0009107537,0.00629438,0.001053565],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001729276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003791155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001980813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007116894,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9783068,0.01716188,0.0006519805,0.0008869966,0.001720103,0.001272203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944984,0.002604391,0.0001845068,0.001907355,0.0007273253,0.00007799458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006035383,0.0006330829,0.8789593,0.0005526211,0.0001338252,0.00004110464,0.03965799,0.01633429,0.005001105,0.002023331,0.01331379,0.04274603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003474271,0.001327385,0.4186608,0.002065451,0.00001838196,0.00004119887,0.0158299,0.1493535,0.001124777,0.007372736,0.3998855,0.0008459982],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9813495,0.0009409662,0.0007313001,0.001318242,0.0004462173,0.0008123276,0.000006766416,0.00005464803,0.01434004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9383543,0.00001651108,0.003436149,0.00001830281,0.0001885777,0.00002996951,0.00003624857,0.00007784173,0.05784212],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4602984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3861503881237361,"score_gpt":0.6075240515108207,"score_spread":0.2213736633870846,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}