{"id":"W3021012518","doi":"10.2196/16452","title":"Challenges of Clustering Multimodal Clinical Data: Review of Applications in Asthma Subtyping","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"JMIR Medical Informatics","topic":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","field":"Medicine","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Health and Social Care Research and Development Division; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Economic and Social Research Council; Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate; Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research; Medical Research Council; Public Health Agency; Asthma and Lung UK; British Heart Foundation; Scottish Government; Department of Health and Social Care; Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Subtyping; Computer science; Cluster analysis; Asthma; Data science; Data mining; Medicine; Artificial intelligence; Programming language; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03526551,0.001272803,0.004107274,0.02005429,0.001437273,0.00488025,0.003166075,0.002696215,0.002179215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1257717,0.001309427,0.005555918,0.02859098,0.003030512,0.00484045,0.002809363,0.002550599,0.0006466435],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004769051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0120945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01009451,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01527611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9745551,0.01278426,0.005486077,0.001829074,0.005031763,0.0003136932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7689248,0.2036313,0.008372097,0.002905662,0.01548317,0.0006829924],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001434207,0.0000419848,0.00271784,0.1971536,0.0018463,0.0002151682,0.002007814,0.001529415,0.0002595471,0.00765076,0.01419986,0.7722343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001342104,0.0003689638,0.01823121,0.4933862,0.00756163,0.003071266,0.004858959,0.004402574,0.001227567,0.03125546,0.435085,0.0004168553],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005468912,0.9924805,0.00336181,0.002480777,0.0002544544,0.00009767422,0.000133446,0.00002700496,0.0006174048],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008404892,0.9799094,0.01002763,0.0008047206,0.0003556333,0.0001886866,0.0001888129,0.00002574625,0.00009463754],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03526551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1865041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1493241048292006,"score_gpt":0.4639552307986466,"score_spread":0.314631125969446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}