{"id":"W3021390446","doi":"10.1029/2020wr027178","title":"Origin of Groundwater Arsenic in a Rural Pleistocene Aquifer in Bangladesh Depressurized by Distal Municipal Pumping","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Resources Research","topic":"Arsenic contamination and mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Aquifer; Groundwater; Geology; Groundwater flow; Groundwater discharge; Artesian aquifer; Pleistocene; Geochemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Geotechnical engineering; Paleontology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006015551,0.0001630315,0.0001439357,0.0005442651,0.000790239,0.0003410625,0.0001868438,0.0002507255,0.001183087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001614984,0.0001731138,0.0001104383,0.00103922,0.0004276655,0.0001798484,0.0003793511,0.0001488845,0.0001669489],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001304687,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004989977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1020389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1551103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999586,0.000005715253,0.000003133302,0.00001230455,0.000006083798,0.00001414892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999266,0.00001053408,0.00002349018,0.000003759641,0.00001541495,0.00002024523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000155245,0.00004313725,0.9635672,0.00004050998,0.00001485694,0.002407603,0.004929809,0.0005321992,0.02312104,0.0003069768,0.0001556423,0.004725675],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005976079,0.00004851654,0.991768,0.000008022643,0.00000828568,0.0003437699,0.005916705,0.0004534527,0.0007885055,0.0000760248,0.0005745605,0.000008058061],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993384,0.00001009875,0.00003150543,0.00001735093,2.752513e-7,0.000002537032,0.0001424948,0.00000236086,0.0004547882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996085,0.00002405355,0.00003648235,0.000005933368,4.155688e-7,0.000002414851,0.0000992998,7.928771e-7,0.0002222015],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1020389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.20289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0388870352206374,"score_gpt":0.2975858600112478,"score_spread":0.2586988247906104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}