{"id":"W3021772929","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.585770","title":"Deterrence vs Judicial Error: A Comparative View of Standards of Proof","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Deterrence (psychology); Deterrence theory; Law and economics; Contrast (vision); Burden of proof; Economics; Law; Political science; Mathematical economics; Computer science; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002431575,0.0001513827,0.000925851,0.0001971168,0.0001086836,0.00002590808,0.0003560436,0.0000987302,0.00006825558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006320015,0.0001879563,0.0002389807,0.0001955087,0.0002216184,0.0002515568,0.00003640607,0.0005875113,0.00002531739],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00129399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001539498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000891369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005134899,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972304,0.00003048087,0.001315233,0.0002555342,0.00009539177,0.001072987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982274,0.00002439446,0.001319798,0.0002069069,0.0001408228,0.00008072042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001429394,0.0001441444,0.008682987,0.00003368919,0.0002506649,0.000001018494,0.001292699,0.0004859358,0.00004498892,0.9878348,0.00004025502,0.00104589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001752326,0.00108102,0.001312895,0.00009686599,0.00001903356,0.00006525561,0.0007772236,0.00009648311,0.0009093216,0.9905267,0.003103536,0.0002592942],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9308313,0.01747024,0.02919408,0.0005055394,0.0008831134,0.0004701177,0.0002027326,0.00001712814,0.02042574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976553,0.001915625,0.00007732954,0.00003681958,0.0002306384,0.000006471259,0.000002810419,0.00001814186,0.00005691403],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06682394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7664636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03048607294139099,"score_gpt":0.2616911911064225,"score_spread":0.2312051181650315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}