{"id":"W3021980337","doi":"10.1029/2019gl086764","title":"Black Carbon Particles Do Not Matter for Immersion Mode Ice Nucleation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":127,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Métis National Council","funders":"Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Soot; Ice nucleus; Immersion (mathematics); Nucleation; Carbon black; Ice crystals; Materials science; Ice cloud; Particle size; Mineralogy; Clear ice; Chemical engineering; Geology; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Sea ice; Composite material; Meteorology; Physics; Arctic ice pack; Combustion; Optics; Oceanography; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001780002,0.0004529833,0.0002356642,0.000209551,0.0003060429,0.0005860246,0.0003014932,0.0004285333,0.002291741],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009816384,0.0001384344,0.0002684923,0.0001173751,0.000290483,0.0004443942,0.0001670204,0.0002545075,0.000200595],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003924484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002451046,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008379007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003468524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998253,0.00001684189,0.000006686845,0.00005048056,0.00005381788,0.00004682199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994525,0.0002791895,0.00006793414,0.00003438115,0.00008478133,0.00008115538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001311575,0.0003379503,0.1274066,0.0005007822,0.0003159478,0.0006134459,0.0001018607,0.07789994,0.7710899,0.003015915,0.0009673841,0.01643872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001270686,0.0005689974,0.1655717,0.00004915324,0.0002320041,0.0002597079,0.0001927299,0.4070263,0.421438,0.002173023,0.002298311,0.00006295032],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995099,0.0002800389,0.001578809,0.00006232338,0.00004081198,0.00001891284,0.0002746822,0.00004737222,0.00259806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995122,0.00004076329,0.0001653699,0.00000690912,0.000003177385,0.000001896666,0.0001139895,0.000009263332,0.0001462819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008379007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01666051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04047953394027738,"score_gpt":0.2855104277712915,"score_spread":0.2450308938310141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}