{"id":"W3022033914","doi":"10.3386/w27075","title":"Immigration, Innovation, and Growth","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Economic geography; Political science; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002561774,0.0002377131,0.0007910543,0.001599501,0.0001460684,0.0001872754,0.0005502976,0.0003398558,0.0003829368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007228816,0.0002979159,0.0001826773,0.0004470162,0.0002898132,0.0002125601,0.00061241,0.0006984972,0.0003626408],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004692199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004193155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001843559,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969891,0.00005008169,0.001597424,0.0009154033,0.0001628918,0.0002851204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975243,0.0002889784,0.0008670858,0.0003004145,0.000905427,0.0001137467],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002312681,0.00003577731,0.01045379,0.00009801389,0.0002302253,6.550883e-7,0.0001276377,0.0005338044,0.00002014343,0.979162,0.009208328,0.000106523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000268015,0.00004531402,0.003864445,0.00002089317,0.00000549001,0.000001369117,0.00003006983,0.02095301,0.00007089863,0.9715936,0.002899464,0.0002474317],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2933203,0.005346256,0.003428854,0.160062,0.001326049,0.002003262,0.002363887,0.00009297107,0.5320564],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959267,0.001101211,0.0008001131,0.0002409919,0.0005280072,0.00009138037,0.0006558934,0.00003604783,0.0006196868],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7026064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.288426944428529,"score_gpt":0.4134343001258064,"score_spread":0.1250073556972774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}