{"id":"W3022429425","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v10n4p61","title":"Use of Digital Technological Tools among Undergraduate English Language Learners in Pakistan","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Higher education; Unavailability; Tertiary level; Process (computing); Mathematics education; Medical education; Psychology; Computer science; Engineering; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005582713,0.00020666,0.0003390177,0.0006907594,0.001466651,0.001788649,0.0002632074,0.0004496565,0.002672559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001697101,0.0002860809,0.0001944592,0.0005076209,0.0005786162,0.0009336598,0.0008373987,0.0006032625,0.0004740691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005187088,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00104003,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006531516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01065329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996803,0.0000519223,0.00003479741,0.00003510633,0.000105749,0.00009215837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988632,0.0002541161,0.000268363,0.00002752433,0.0001892195,0.0003975593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006645515,0.000808641,0.8766962,0.0001245808,0.00001033497,0.001755625,0.09425129,0.00003803075,0.002427613,0.0003508075,0.0004082875,0.02306213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001008181,0.001033413,0.699036,0.0001727603,0.00002860718,0.001940756,0.2914981,0.0001870262,0.001079686,0.0001769344,0.004799288,0.0000372893],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993537,0.00005789311,0.00001247476,0.0000522558,0.000002119141,0.000005554588,0.0000144689,8.141083e-7,0.0005007201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990595,0.000251606,0.00003354437,0.00005169846,0.000001824773,0.000004705728,0.00001699963,8.370347e-7,0.0005794378],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006531516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01298696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03677434610233542,"score_gpt":0.3380701209217984,"score_spread":0.301295774819463,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}