{"id":"W3023371675","doi":"10.3390/su12093660","title":"Novel Drying Methods for Sustainable Upcycling of Brewers’ Spent Grains as a Plant Protein Source","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Food Drying and Modeling","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Brewing; Food science; Pulp and paper industry; Vacuum drying; Environmental science; Waste management; Freeze-drying; Materials science; Process engineering; Fermentation; Chemistry; Engineering; Chromatography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001723645,0.0002127599,0.0002244369,0.0001783835,0.0001376254,0.0003095197,0.0002205832,0.0002234438,0.0006880295],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001314304,0.0001312857,0.0003605068,0.0002075799,0.0001120961,0.0003600641,0.0001926618,0.0002804569,0.0001449044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002014082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001523036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001489474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002749309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999945,0.000006932082,0.000002930515,0.00001360315,0.00002167577,0.000009742798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999743,0.000008587898,0.000006772305,0.000003264545,0.00000522967,0.00000181873],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001487935,0.0002387206,0.002689563,0.0005288864,0.00003082551,0.0001931772,0.00009847761,0.07166695,0.8944558,0.002747664,0.0002571186,0.02694412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003667345,0.0007651881,0.007053501,0.00004507827,0.00006247943,0.000166472,0.0001540781,0.4979002,0.4845655,0.001229641,0.007992122,0.0000290092],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9402193,0.001960444,0.05472082,0.00007592779,0.00003155081,0.00005962335,0.0001140207,0.00007566748,0.002742707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9753442,0.001971411,0.02048946,0.00001622833,0.000005121653,0.00005249237,0.0001141355,0.00002100353,0.001985881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001489474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002961576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04564891948370534,"score_gpt":0.3150410878914525,"score_spread":0.2693921684077472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}