{"id":"W3023579671","doi":"10.1029/2020gl087977","title":"Molecular Absorption and Evolution Mechanisms of PM<sub>2.5</sub>Brown Carbon Revealed by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform–Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry During a Severe Winter Pollution Episode in Xi'an, China","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance; Chemistry; Absorption (acoustics); Molecule; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Mass spectrometry; Electrospray ionization; Carbon fibers; Ion; Ionization; Materials science; Environmental chemistry; Organic chemistry; Chromatography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000138091,0.0002745942,0.0001392234,0.0006489009,0.0003661786,0.000220112,0.0002042882,0.0002505486,0.0004076137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009567075,0.0001396138,0.0001497833,0.0003475903,0.0001987254,0.0001717875,0.0001672061,0.0001562598,0.00005883397],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004901533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002784562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03594632,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05746071,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999242,0.000004919907,0.000003055938,0.00002810129,0.00002498987,0.00001461288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999197,0.000007028066,0.00002769855,0.000002981813,0.00002903406,0.00001357512],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003014944,0.00007551361,0.6394997,0.00008454414,0.0001338278,0.000602431,0.0005275902,0.001018902,0.3480263,0.00018219,0.0005300192,0.009017444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002098434,0.00001968521,0.9942968,0.00000155426,0.000009986818,0.00004073722,0.00009444043,0.00108097,0.004273172,0.00001470868,0.0001617656,0.000003962746],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994975,0.00004535959,0.00009032246,0.00001291036,0.00000230337,0.000003493139,0.0001447372,0.000005367178,0.0001980651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994574,0.00003534172,0.0001236788,0.00001372033,0.000003726535,0.00000377212,0.0001619267,0.000001571808,0.0001988779],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03594632,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07147413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00648615204455298,"score_gpt":0.2110434379618675,"score_spread":0.2045572859173145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}