{"id":"W3023715732","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-396488-5.00004-6","title":"Torrefaction","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Greenfield Research (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Torrefaction; Environmental science; Engineering; Waste management; Pyrolysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001779135,0.001906323,0.0007217134,0.001534607,0.0009438809,0.00185518,0.0008559879,0.001041334,0.1324503],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001719774,0.0004384909,0.0004835088,0.001862571,0.0004153692,0.002085828,0.001313012,0.001508262,0.09113281],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008780031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006142708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002951329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006059454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997864,0.000006443563,0.000007551545,0.00005139817,0.0001226717,0.00002559905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999652,0.000004979192,0.000003093105,0.00000815762,0.00001512371,0.000003393504],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004574832,0.00005975475,0.00008569502,0.0008116901,0.00001066934,0.0002251592,0.0001561171,0.0005423033,0.03831603,0.01776569,0.08899822,0.8529829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003598784,0.00002140849,0.0002562023,0.0001566991,0.000007431963,0.0002186359,0.00005184674,0.000207768,0.01688707,0.003112737,0.9790674,0.000009346963],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.003767494,0.03532235,0.01621645,0.0006743953,0.002070194,0.00007583988,0.001082575,0.0009862526,0.9398046],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00708846,0.01465727,0.002911991,0.0002610073,0.0001222088,0.00003829375,0.00099003,0.0002566006,0.9736741],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1324503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4430906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01161517647495787,"score_gpt":0.1928096817898984,"score_spread":0.1811945053149405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}