{"id":"W3026878428","doi":"10.2118/201201-pa","title":"Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Apparent-Permeability Modeling and Secondary-Fracture Distribution for Hydraulic-Fractured Shale-Gas Production Analysis","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Permeability (electromagnetism); Knudsen diffusion; Darcy's law; Petroleum engineering; Mechanics; Geology; Capillary pressure; Oil shale; Fluid dynamics; Petrophysics; Reservoir simulation; Porosity; Relative permeability; Tight gas; Geotechnical engineering; Hydraulic fracturing; Porous medium; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000609533,0.0002448191,0.000684621,0.0003243539,0.0000735815,0.00002949987,0.0002120753,0.0001407637,0.00003819321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001496508,0.0002011,0.000563256,0.003522396,0.00002991113,0.0002305724,0.00004181809,0.0002381263,4.509458e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001301188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004441591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004259668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002704635,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979793,0.0001101312,0.0006478519,0.0003886505,0.0006503764,0.0002236633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987418,0.0001565256,0.0001591013,0.0004553162,0.0003612707,0.0001259875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000023469,0.00002449714,0.001297418,0.0005098486,0.002989353,1.081629e-7,0.0007826277,0.9872131,0.006575651,0.00001464061,0.00004252147,0.0005267211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003376102,0.00002911254,0.00488329,0.00002772807,0.006400216,1.830069e-7,0.00006717685,0.9740828,0.01378917,0.00004889827,0.0001560447,0.0001777459],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5911289,0.0008952232,0.4062317,0.0008375015,0.0001063388,0.0006519383,0.0000463241,0.00008660393,0.00001554027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987547,0.00009882756,0.0004503895,0.00002315458,0.00008222871,0.0001002475,0.0004618448,0.00002584425,0.000002728158],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4076259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8200619,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01699311893793156,"score_gpt":0.2536981625914233,"score_spread":0.2367050436534917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}