{"id":"W3027360693","doi":"10.1109/ojemb.2021.3053215","title":"Face Coverings, Aerosol Dispersion and Mitigation of Virus Transmission Risk","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","topic":"Infection Control and Ventilation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Medical Research Council; Directorate for Biological Sciences; Higher Education Commision, Pakistan; FP7 Ideas: European Research Council; Hospital for Sick Children; Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","keywords":"Face masks; Aerosol; Schlieren; Transmission (telecommunications); Flow (mathematics); Jet (fluid); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Leakage (economics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003489036,0.00006062863,0.0002941375,0.00009779504,0.00001639285,0.00000399682,0.00002692311,0.00006353803,0.00002743084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000144888,0.00004221064,0.00002414642,0.00009098848,0.00003201319,0.00007293142,0.00001021463,0.000157714,1.159346e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001181171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002638812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004435261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003350881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994832,0.00003177207,0.0002966558,0.00007359475,0.00005017681,0.00006464833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996165,0.00006898885,0.000128273,0.00003948049,0.00008922595,0.00005752342],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000325062,0.0000527733,0.04474026,0.0001257998,0.00005839793,0.00003029287,0.0004747671,0.001013976,0.931751,0.00005523143,0.0001037441,0.02126869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03372071,0.008776072,0.4754713,0.006355124,0.0007227781,0.003080277,0.0008751563,0.06837586,0.3836945,0.0002666634,0.01822504,0.0004365236],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9599116,0.001505749,0.03770524,0.0005322674,0.0001862233,0.00008250773,0.000001281598,0.000001993683,0.00007315084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959927,0.003133557,0.0006793418,0.00005633329,0.0001056811,6.649207e-7,0.000003602354,0.000004007987,0.00002415882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5480565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.17213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02105596632881231,"score_gpt":0.2994644960801363,"score_spread":0.278408529751324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}