{"id":"W3027380610","doi":"10.7759/cureus.9448","title":"Predicting COVID-19 Pneumonia Severity on Chest X-ray With Deep Learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Cureus","topic":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","field":"Medicine","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Université de Montréal","funders":"Compute Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Medicine; Pneumonia; Intensive care unit; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Intensive care medicine; Internal medicine; Radiology; Emergency medicine; Disease","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008534522,0.001066832,0.0004984541,0.0009747642,0.0001836982,0.0006537202,0.0007740186,0.0009727417,0.001177988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002310875,0.0002526317,0.0007045802,0.0005189481,0.0002536626,0.0005094565,0.000614039,0.00109414,0.0004064946],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00080276,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007283811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01066365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009124392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996221,0.00008026628,0.0000349327,0.0001192005,0.0000672402,0.00007628664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992666,0.0003333039,0.0001232988,0.00005477231,0.000158199,0.00006385396],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006147749,0.00091898,0.1215103,0.0001920679,0.0004005187,0.0003155102,0.00006576802,0.5376806,0.008628235,0.0005218861,0.00885843,0.3202929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009348002,0.00009122348,0.005423159,0.00001975542,0.00001901406,0.00004496829,0.00001450272,0.9919381,0.001599,0.0005854404,0.0002474111,0.000008070302],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7717811,0.003289909,0.2133532,0.001817336,0.0002030713,0.0002528748,0.00283091,0.002832557,0.003639167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9592586,0.0004503586,0.03571786,0.0002706558,0.00007610913,0.00008823326,0.002609885,0.00002802025,0.001500154],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01066365,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02120316,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05109942798517848,"score_gpt":0.3307721456244203,"score_spread":0.2796727176392418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}