{"id":"W3030065538","doi":"10.1007/s40891-020-00206-1","title":"Effects of Biochar on the Compression and Swelling Characteristics of Clayey Soils","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering","topic":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biochar; Expansive clay; Swelling; Soil water; Consolidation (business); Geotechnical engineering; Clay soil; Materials science; Soil science; Environmental science; Chemistry; Composite material; Geology; Pyrolysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001769993,0.000288453,0.0002201416,0.0001975814,0.0001764103,0.0003670599,0.0001800005,0.0002159653,0.001082814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006007534,0.0001612331,0.0002348862,0.0002284592,0.0002764806,0.0002568671,0.0001401154,0.0003775807,0.0001242034],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002522618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002552397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002885853,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004376405,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999822,0.00002568485,0.00001836112,0.00002920851,0.00003966222,0.00006513986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994741,0.0002128272,0.00007934104,0.00002904023,0.0000962265,0.0001083813],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001808883,0.00007884602,0.00120885,0.00008799216,0.00002585682,0.00007711761,0.00003649068,0.0004754389,0.9937594,0.00003186719,0.00002655926,0.002382885],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001703944,0.0007175951,0.01099073,0.000006324169,0.00003548812,0.00003626461,0.00006791553,0.0007960287,0.9868977,0.00002459595,0.0003987692,0.00001141922],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990938,0.0003279268,0.0001090679,0.00001112984,0.00001557863,0.000004448907,0.0001041692,0.000005875847,0.0003281542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993386,0.0001623535,0.0001204253,0.00001311098,0.000003823945,0.000002016546,0.00006560687,0.000003593707,0.0002904553],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002885853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005738139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006217673004590625,"score_gpt":0.179453321838384,"score_spread":0.1732356488337934,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}