{"id":"W3031425633","doi":"10.5539/ies.v13n6p131","title":"Learning Difficulties in German as a Third Language Experienced by Turkish Undergraduate Students","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Linguistic Education and Pedagogy","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"German; Turkish; Psychology; Tourism; Habitus; Context (archaeology); Language acquisition; Mathematics education; Thematic analysis; Language proficiency; Semi-structured interview; Pedagogy; Qualitative research; Linguistics; Sociology; Political science; Social science; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007355969,0.0001241452,0.0001447427,0.00008239131,0.0001612153,0.0001929843,0.0002387455,0.00001981411,0.0007668119],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009286098,0.0001120418,0.00003858587,0.00004545574,0.0001516552,0.0001441505,0.0000726246,0.0001448728,0.0002401079],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008564795,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000965256,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005739373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002384356,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990295,0.00004812461,0.0002677192,0.0002175515,0.0003125608,0.0001244983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991786,0.0000932059,0.0001137348,0.00006198311,0.0004939251,0.00005847683],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002178638,0.0002634045,0.006158068,0.00002125071,0.0001102462,0.000002732357,0.8808397,0.000008810974,0.0001657345,0.03692205,0.07389499,0.001591248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002547873,0.00004381813,0.0008357431,0.00003727387,0.000008338668,0.000001398505,0.4270093,0.00001765958,0.0001353217,0.0008946224,0.5706134,0.0001483315],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9471324,0.0009964454,0.000003984271,0.01869658,0.003848547,0.0001097275,0.000009357652,0.00007342424,0.02912952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9490356,0.0001867299,0.00002867399,0.003614153,0.001015547,0.00009819917,0.00007668753,0.00001085552,0.04593352],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4967184,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8396052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06658539062666578,"score_gpt":0.429705406120809,"score_spread":0.3631200154941432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}