{"id":"W3031681463","doi":"10.1177/0973801020904473","title":"Foreign Direct Investment and Total Factor Productivity: Any Nexus?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Margin The Journal of Applied Economic Research","topic":"International Business and FDI","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; Okanagan College","funders":"","keywords":"Total factor productivity; Foreign direct investment; Economics; Endogeneity; Absorptive capacity; Nexus (standard); Spillover effect; Panel data; Productivity; Investment (military); Econometrics; Monetary economics; Macroeconomics; International economics; International trade; Labour economics; Industrial organization","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001420452,0.0001082588,0.0002051202,0.0001776909,0.0001810482,0.0003202111,0.0003174562,0.00003116801,0.000277922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008374616,0.00007287659,0.00004613337,0.0001418006,0.0001209814,0.0005327759,0.0002992838,0.0003142871,0.0001555809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000775539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005363298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007078372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000634449,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990183,0.00001843016,0.0002866388,0.0001557958,0.0002794772,0.0002413879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993668,0.0001223346,0.0002183407,0.0001213197,0.0001403578,0.00003084997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004062203,0.0002530052,0.01241222,0.0006047245,0.0006494116,0.00005455194,0.001887929,0.007722367,0.01102406,0.8616356,0.07380284,0.02589106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006656017,0.0004084092,0.1420039,0.0001908088,0.0002053888,0.0001361886,0.00871306,0.05814065,0.005853352,0.2964519,0.4798442,0.001396245],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8365915,0.0001137311,0.00004383696,0.008396839,0.000153049,0.0002831583,0.000002891817,0.000009538135,0.1544055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963644,0.00003156769,0.00003628388,0.0009170324,0.00248989,0.000006694162,0.000001572201,0.00001845508,0.0001340974],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5651838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3087803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07085770941115818,"score_gpt":0.2815973848116126,"score_spread":0.2107396754004544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}