{"id":"W3033019133","doi":"10.1038/s41550-021-01347-7","title":"Chronologically dating the early assembly of the Milky Way","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Astronomy","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Ohio State University; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; European Regional Development Fund; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Space Agency; Science and Technology Facilities Council; European Commission; Ohio State University","keywords":"Milky Way; Galaxy; Stars; Galaxy formation and evolution; Population; Accretion (finance); Stellar population; Satellite galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002021896,0.0002203787,0.0002652282,0.00002229101,0.0003220042,0.00008289008,0.0008322215,0.0001078852,0.0008190969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000516182,0.0001235627,0.0003389585,0.0003942202,0.0002568292,0.0001483898,0.0005101919,0.001510476,0.00004760961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003038416,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003112296,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004629802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002602835,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982435,0.0001882596,0.0003108494,0.0003698693,0.0003775478,0.0005099821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985015,0.0002900515,0.000192725,0.0007222143,0.0002045038,0.00008899183],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004902284,0.0005088415,0.3228774,0.00001204689,0.0004787489,0.000003104556,0.0002256769,0.000255488,0.01906523,0.09675837,0.003173132,0.5565929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001116227,0.0001477943,0.6284538,0.0001004108,0.00009692019,0.000001600861,0.001630035,0.0001662008,0.2913991,0.001210408,0.0752652,0.0004122915],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9427603,0.0002006439,0.0314884,0.001467803,0.0002714263,0.0003493006,0.0000605381,0.00002141334,0.02338016],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942198,4.077885e-7,0.003743469,0.00006612184,0.000660462,0.00004059612,0.00002501519,0.0000170632,0.001227026],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5561807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8968536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0086769671570401,"score_gpt":0.2651816508966617,"score_spread":0.2565046837396216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}