{"id":"W3033326462","doi":"10.3390/batteries6020032","title":"Unification of Internal Resistance Estimation Methods for Li-Ion Batteries Using Hysteresis-Free Equivalent Circuit Models","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Batteries","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Internal resistance; Equivalent circuit; Control theory (sociology); Nyquist plot; Dielectric spectroscopy; Hysteresis; Output impedance; Bode plot; Phasor; Estimation theory; Materials science; Electrical impedance; Biological system; Computer science; Battery (electricity); Voltage; Algorithm; Physics; Electrical engineering; Electrochemistry; Electric power system; Power (physics); Electrode; Engineering; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001034691,0.0008735986,0.000755411,0.0008338793,0.000213215,0.000992147,0.00108477,0.0008314687,0.000940747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003072238,0.0003292177,0.0008177002,0.0004466431,0.0004030387,0.002611536,0.0006852797,0.0009436337,0.0005125407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002799098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003355368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000572279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000608082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989862,0.0002365259,0.0001083641,0.0002070666,0.0004266392,0.00003513777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989348,0.0004217315,0.00008921039,0.0002177826,0.0003203515,0.00001609466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001643958,0.0001695606,0.001445599,0.0006533722,0.0001334517,0.0001733966,0.0003688027,0.1194679,0.1122822,0.03070315,0.001148504,0.7332897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001439204,0.00008802836,0.0008041772,0.00004781539,0.00005226183,0.0001623011,0.00005023374,0.941493,0.04217886,0.008346683,0.006706761,0.00005537623],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00300544,0.0003290467,0.9957085,0.00003015176,0.00001782641,0.00001978772,0.000009962226,0.0002780315,0.0006012907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4875663,0.001946265,0.5055311,0.0001025593,0.00012167,0.0002401699,0.0002470189,0.000227007,0.004017912],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00108477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005472064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1197169195346608,"score_gpt":0.3600006259496288,"score_spread":0.240283706414968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}