{"id":"W3033479311","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/abec3d","title":"EMPRESS. II. Highly Fe-enriched Metal-poor Galaxies with ∼1.0 (Fe/O)<sub>⊙</sub> and 0.02 (O/H)<sub>⊙</sub>: Possible Traces of Supermassive (&gt;300 M <sub>⊙</sub>) Stars in Early Galaxies* † ‡","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Planetary Science Division; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Science Mission Directorate; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Toray Science Foundation; National Research Foundation; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Queen's University; Cabinet Office, Government of Japan; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; W. M. Keck Foundation; Space Telescope Science Institute; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Princeton University; National Central University; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Queen's University Belfast; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; Academia Sinica; California Institute of Technology; Durham University; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Nucleosynthesis; Galaxy; Abundance (ecology); Supernova; Stars; Oxygen; Abundance of the chemical elements; Astronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001263056,0.0002205405,0.0001438283,0.0007070855,0.0001947849,0.0004031837,0.0001827781,0.0001384749,0.001780624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002083443,0.0001031872,0.0001259248,0.0004534705,0.0001709331,0.000324072,0.0005248326,0.0001515412,0.0005595384],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001332035,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008085846,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002217836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003179934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999454,0.000004452088,0.000003896825,0.00001913105,0.000009604477,0.00001742136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997424,0.00002215215,0.0001276517,0.00003175718,0.0000234984,0.00005249564],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002475974,0.00004016977,0.9740384,0.00004444319,0.00003136051,0.000372731,0.0002862972,0.0001572884,0.006725105,0.0002999808,0.001733017,0.01602353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001707376,0.00001704743,0.9978452,0.000002499927,0.000007074211,0.0001550822,0.00008026753,0.00007290892,0.0006459472,0.00001714396,0.001154277,8.669476e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944622,0.000147341,0.0001463119,0.00002418952,0.00000195322,0.000006275251,0.002595287,0.00004234738,0.002574133],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903507,0.0001491832,0.000566574,0.00003148244,0.000008987499,0.0000106286,0.006358712,0.00001725751,0.002506368],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002217836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005956769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006491500348729626,"score_gpt":0.1937002921951439,"score_spread":0.1872087918464143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}