{"id":"W3033731726","doi":"10.1111/lang.12408","title":"An Introduction to the Cognitive Neuroscience of Second and Artificial Language Learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Learning","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Cognitive science; Cognitive neuroscience; Neurolinguistics; Cognition; Neuroscience; Neuroimaging; Linguistics; Functional neuroimaging; Cognitive psychology; Psycholinguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003321282,0.0001511194,0.0001872491,0.00007062904,0.0003126556,0.00007901158,0.0002640765,0.00005435227,0.0001976923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003856589,0.0001153302,0.00003997905,0.0004291283,0.0002088821,0.0001825465,0.0001315052,0.000616188,0.00003110405],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005131143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001832932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002643863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003325757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981384,0.0005481923,0.0002124341,0.0006224204,0.0001915584,0.0002869997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992756,0.0002659248,0.0001362962,0.0001565241,0.00003081562,0.0001347947],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006175444,0.00001735993,0.0003125306,0.00001429298,0.000001398197,0.0001932673,0.04896152,0.0004415549,0.9361775,0.00005349384,0.00004130198,0.01372406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002441298,0.0009628537,0.0009580604,0.00001382489,0.00002103418,0.0002131597,0.03021996,0.002023631,0.9603004,0.000007089552,0.004794084,0.0002417898],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943985,0.00009310109,0.0003470147,0.004405167,0.0001608489,0.0002105796,0.00000912247,0.0001366123,0.0002390318],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925001,0.000004131262,0.00005024949,0.006237908,0.0008464486,0.000005993403,0.000006907576,0.00002126289,0.0003269827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02412292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4703028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02348145911077921,"score_gpt":0.2935158169840538,"score_spread":0.2700343578732746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}