{"id":"W3034070233","doi":"10.3386/w27538","title":"How Do Restrictions on High-Skilled Immigration Affect Offshoring? Evidence from the H-1B Program","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Georgetown University; George Washington University; Fetzer Institute; Mack Institute for Innovation Management, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania; U.S. Department of Commerce","keywords":"Offshoring; Affect (linguistics); Immigration; Business; Labour economics; Demographic economics; Psychology; Economics; Political science; Outsourcing; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001805307,0.000183503,0.0002886243,0.000443259,0.0006767474,0.001306031,0.0007954426,0.0007020138,0.007458405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01141951,0.0001476011,0.0003967068,0.000858251,0.001005835,0.0007773027,0.001537563,0.001179526,0.0008154849],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007199167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001126984,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0540068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05496766,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983159,0.0005886528,0.0001044125,0.0002458541,0.0002671853,0.0004780167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9806752,0.005707242,0.01023009,0.001207271,0.0007450347,0.001435289],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003512786,0.0004016226,0.9788598,0.00007882313,0.0001544656,0.0001553077,0.001310578,0.0008409809,0.0003857127,0.001787009,0.001418886,0.01425552],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001531328,0.0001145974,0.9935769,0.00005552886,0.0000415882,0.00002156792,0.002643791,0.0005381788,0.0002264589,0.0004901174,0.002267608,0.000008376842],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916137,0.0001818243,0.0003147608,0.0007803934,0.00001501647,0.0000223544,0.0007511081,0.000008415037,0.006312413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976139,0.0001625507,0.00009508328,0.000219396,0.00001191489,0.00002062426,0.0005153012,0.000004422695,0.001356762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0540068,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1073849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3172359663708584,"score_gpt":0.5265638759104763,"score_spread":0.2093279095396178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}