{"id":"W3034541026","doi":"10.3389/feart.2020.00220","title":"Modeling δD-δ18O Steady-State of Well-Sealed Perennially Ice-Covered Lakes and Their Recharge Source: Examples From Lake Untersee and Lake Vostok, Antarctica","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Earth Science","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fondation familiale Trottier; Polar Knowledge Canada; Alberta Agricultural Research Institute; NASA Astrobiology Institute; Tawani Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Groundwater recharge; Geology; δ18O; Water column; Hydrology (agriculture); Glacier; Ice core; Shelf ice; Aquifer; Geomorphology; Groundwater; Oceanography; Stable isotope ratio; Ice stream; Cryosphere; Sea ice","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001923542,0.0004178207,0.0003695874,0.0003756951,0.0005191539,0.0007007605,0.0009094411,0.001264853,0.001290685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006079745,0.0004078569,0.0008599279,0.0005548217,0.0004660313,0.0006053601,0.0005085849,0.0003982007,0.0001179933],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001908759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001236213,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1585158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1233509,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999938,0.00001320318,0.00000383198,0.00002069689,0.000005798087,0.00001848539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998337,0.00007002284,0.00002517188,0.0000139972,0.00002924013,0.00002795541],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004220061,0.00002706287,0.01078899,0.00001684701,0.00003334505,0.00005526845,0.00003772905,0.9864675,0.001291375,0.000328436,0.0001024467,0.0008087577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004216173,0.0000206843,0.005411547,0.000004474282,0.00002011878,0.000009502194,0.00004154633,0.9935777,0.0004313476,0.0002167469,0.000214642,0.000009487633],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961732,0.00005320071,0.001770561,0.00007744675,0.000005777684,0.000009844071,0.000574049,0.00006636835,0.001269412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977063,0.00004473381,0.001408344,0.00001372477,0.00000252245,0.000016588,0.0003659028,0.00001491998,0.0004270193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1585158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3151863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02268125961926296,"score_gpt":0.201084135578698,"score_spread":0.1784028759594351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}