{"id":"W3034761030","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19030331","title":"Subcortical Brain Volume, Regional Cortical Thickness, and Cortical Surface Area Across Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Psychiatry","topic":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","field":"Medicine","cited_by":217,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Cilag; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; National Institute of Mental Health; Universitat Politècnica de València; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, University of Tulsa; University of California, Irvine; School of Medicine, New York University; Collier Charitable Fund; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca; The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance; Chiba University; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Universität Zürich; Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum; Universidade de São Paulo; Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen; Universitetet i Bergen; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; State Government of Victoria; Stavros Niarchos Foundation; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Shire; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Accare; College of Medicine, Seoul National University; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; University of Melbourne; Generalitat de Catalunya; H. Lundbeck A/S; Hospital for Sick Children; Dana Foundation; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; European Commission; European College of Neuropsychopharmacology; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Oxford; Michael Smith Health Research BC; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; York University; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental; Eli Lilly and Company; Radboud Universiteit; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino; University of Cincinnati; Amsterdam University Medical Centers; Tenovus; Johns Hopkins University; Seoul National University; Royal Children's Hospital Foundation; Autism Speaks; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; BC Children's Hospital; National Institutes of Health; Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen; Children's Hospital Foundation; Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Research Institute; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; National Science Foundation; Oregon Health and Science University; European Regional Development Fund; King's College London; George Washington University; Massachusetts General Hospital; ZonMw; National Center for Research Resources; National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression; National Health and Medical Research Council; Leon Levy Foundation; Provincial Health Services Authority; Wellcome Trust; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Yale University; Medical Research Council; Fundació la Marató de TV3","keywords":"Psychology; Neuroscience; Brain size; Audiology; Medicine; Magnetic resonance imaging","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004639345,0.000281565,0.0007234579,0.00003290199,0.0003062547,0.0001146126,0.0001954978,0.0001159146,0.000138377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000854609,0.0002070388,0.0002200958,0.0003993025,0.001320621,0.0002047107,0.0001213133,0.001553664,0.00001320814],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000303714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002145668,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007883141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009111439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997482,0.0002872388,0.0007099052,0.0004123434,0.0006674503,0.0004410602],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976186,0.001087163,0.0003896926,0.0002300886,0.0001157802,0.0005586813],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001459118,0.0002505985,0.9850261,0.00001826521,0.0002465334,0.00003872434,0.002746682,0.000009281757,0.0006081574,0.0003871254,0.005634667,0.003574788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003166729,0.001250689,0.9440234,0.0002039897,0.0003565255,0.000900192,0.04515013,0.001523667,0.000002241175,0.0004571239,0.002679652,0.000285624],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8202239,0.0013391,0.00399187,0.1740011,0.0002368673,0.0001430806,0.00001107811,0.00002338704,0.00002957929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9860448,0.0003202293,0.00353729,0.009393398,0.0006262542,0.000001878096,0.000008004299,0.00004531658,0.00002287584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1658208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8442796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03126463265519501,"score_gpt":0.3042021015677375,"score_spread":0.2729374689125424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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