{"id":"W3034761030","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19030331","title":"Subcortical Brain Volume, Regional Cortical Thickness, and Cortical Surface Area Across Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Psychiatry","topic":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","field":"Medicine","cited_by":217,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Cilag; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; National Institute of Mental Health; Universitat Politècnica de València; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, University of Tulsa; University of California, Irvine; School of Medicine, New York University; Collier Charitable Fund; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca; The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance; Chiba University; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Universität Zürich; Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum; Universidade de São Paulo; Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen; Universitetet i Bergen; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; State Government of Victoria; Stavros Niarchos Foundation; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Shire; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Accare; College of Medicine, Seoul National University; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; University of Melbourne; Generalitat de Catalunya; H. Lundbeck A/S; Hospital for Sick Children; Dana Foundation; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; European Commission; European College of Neuropsychopharmacology; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Oxford; Michael Smith Health Research BC; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; York University; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental; Eli Lilly and Company; Radboud Universiteit; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino; University of Cincinnati; Amsterdam University Medical Centers; Tenovus; Johns Hopkins University; Seoul National University; Royal Children's Hospital Foundation; Autism Speaks; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; BC Children's Hospital; National Institutes of Health; Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen; Children's Hospital Foundation; Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Research Institute; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; National Science Foundation; Oregon Health and Science University; European Regional Development Fund; King's College London; George Washington University; Massachusetts General Hospital; ZonMw; National Center for Research Resources; National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression; National Health and Medical Research Council; Leon Levy Foundation; Provincial Health Services Authority; Wellcome Trust; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Yale University; Medical Research Council; Fundació la Marató de TV3","keywords":"Psychology; Neuroscience; Brain size; Audiology; Medicine; Magnetic resonance imaging","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00246904,0.0005694019,0.0004878225,0.003035289,0.0006433048,0.001187893,0.000828316,0.0005639129,0.0009917213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007059025,0.0003683167,0.0006282583,0.001674804,0.000655903,0.0006305519,0.002785508,0.0004030592,0.00015798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005359578,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004531034,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01586992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01706302,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989336,0.0001769955,0.000150151,0.0003574866,0.0002780179,0.0001036358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967254,0.0006580501,0.001476669,0.0003539381,0.0005504653,0.0002353463],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001575082,0.00001583052,0.9915549,0.00003716962,0.00035539,0.0001116317,0.0009251583,0.0001059112,0.0006573895,0.00009361834,0.0003182476,0.005667247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005596355,0.00002185925,0.998607,0.00001488336,0.00006899649,0.0002962617,0.0003899526,0.0000768765,0.0001163033,0.00009083552,0.0003075635,0.000003791019],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971239,0.000689536,0.0003732071,0.00008882653,0.000005794256,0.000021521,0.0008835458,0.00001226035,0.0008014471],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977345,0.0001583752,0.000470268,0.00003939939,0.000007506666,0.00003757409,0.001328591,0.00001369944,0.0002100346],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01586992,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03155506,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03126463265519501,"score_gpt":0.3042021015677375,"score_spread":0.2729374689125424,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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