{"id":"W3035128886","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104815","title":"Earlier age of second language learning induces more robust speech encoding in the auditory brainstem in adults, independent of amount of language exposure during early childhood","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Brain and Language","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Jewish General Hospital; Concordia University; McGill University; Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music","funders":"Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Psychology; Audiology; Brainstem; Developmental psychology; Cognition; Neuroplasticity; Fluency; Perception; Categorization; Language acquisition; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Neuroscience; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006906016,0.0001689746,0.000400918,0.0002430644,0.00003398851,0.000014343,0.0003694402,0.0002072143,0.0004087462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000206064,0.0001396364,0.00007010789,0.0003728648,0.00016381,0.00006026529,0.0001412769,0.0007846571,0.000004243219],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001418535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003728211,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001441822,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009448597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981961,0.0004315484,0.0004538827,0.0003224211,0.0002726961,0.000323304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991283,0.0003010791,0.0002015558,0.0002796472,0.00002221286,0.00006718549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001490464,0.000153316,0.0308626,0.000275449,0.00004804892,0.0006815225,0.7229644,0.00001962779,0.2421615,0.00005017627,0.0000459544,0.002588307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001777403,0.0002274305,0.8043376,0.0001461705,0.000005594522,0.00002051062,0.1841566,0.00001029855,0.009181183,0.000003493232,0.00001515704,0.0001185469],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939843,0.002374354,0.000001687894,0.0001985046,0.00005935739,0.0003256015,0.00004662632,0.00001387541,0.002995714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993239,0.00001773255,0.00003562622,0.00014657,0.000125846,0.00001437464,0.00002285199,0.00002321671,0.0002898533],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.773475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5694206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01409947601348599,"score_gpt":0.2715555100091812,"score_spread":0.2574560339956952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}