{"id":"W3035284715","doi":"10.1111/add.15142","title":"Bidirectional effects between loneliness, smoking and alcohol use: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Addiction","topic":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Medical Research Council; University of Bristol; Department of Health and Social Care; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; British Heart Foundation; University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust; Cancer Research UK; Stichting Volksbond Rotterdam; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Medical Research Council Canada; ZonMw; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre; United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration","keywords":"Mendelian randomization; Loneliness; Medicine; Observational study; Confounding; Concordance; Genome-wide association study; Psychology; Clinical psychology; Psychiatry; Demography; Internal medicine; Genetics; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Biology; Genetic variants","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.05318699,0.001075317,0.002106146,0.001200829,0.0007674968,0.001719698,0.001577516,0.002083894,0.005257704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1640524,0.0008469421,0.005176615,0.00173077,0.002311473,0.001142333,0.001170541,0.001104574,0.000375311],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004447836,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000845811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003371342,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001884708,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9241974,0.06064823,0.00410243,0.007388708,0.002921099,0.0007421899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8321781,0.1253017,0.01685953,0.02221944,0.002648266,0.0007930613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.03858589,0.000544687,0.6611133,0.007256802,0.1304002,0.002291624,0.001676149,0.003963592,0.002194379,0.02179484,0.004905779,0.1252728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02020472,0.006643377,0.6188315,0.004640112,0.1991364,0.006854081,0.0007180024,0.03893638,0.002997377,0.08257543,0.01799263,0.0004699498],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8179494,0.04983961,0.1153287,0.004275552,0.001167232,0.001262571,0.002561515,0.000591017,0.007024457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868975,0.00219545,0.0093363,0.0005227163,0.0001947064,0.0002565362,0.0003202769,0.00004130976,0.0002351889],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05318699,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.281283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03996492060044694,"score_gpt":0.2926980646746057,"score_spread":0.2527331440741588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}