{"id":"W3035284715","doi":"10.1111/add.15142","title":"Bidirectional effects between loneliness, smoking and alcohol use: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Addiction","topic":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Medical Research Council; University of Bristol; Department of Health and Social Care; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; British Heart Foundation; University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust; Cancer Research UK; Stichting Volksbond Rotterdam; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Medical Research Council Canada; ZonMw; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre; United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration","keywords":"Mendelian randomization; Loneliness; Medicine; Observational study; Confounding; Concordance; Genome-wide association study; Psychology; Clinical psychology; Psychiatry; Demography; Internal medicine; Genetics; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Biology; Genetic variants","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002332111,0.0001037286,0.0001713667,0.00002481423,0.0001165236,0.00002571666,0.00004929773,0.0001198381,0.00001203805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00100226,0.0001008879,0.00003733561,0.0001020607,0.00002046341,0.00001204899,0.0000554591,0.00007197701,0.000004630691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001344074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002842768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004663935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990138,0.0002362209,0.000207334,0.0003326828,0.00009708501,0.0001129036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994787,0.0001726903,0.0001055523,0.0001038167,0.00006995744,0.00006931424],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001317055,0.00002569695,0.9599302,0.000003966262,0.0002221441,7.582316e-7,0.0001313788,0.0003920451,0.03101038,0.000001305402,0.00165497,0.006495456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002038815,0.0003029522,0.9909257,0.00001763385,0.0001770323,9.580991e-7,0.0000609759,0.001377064,0.003291485,0.00002916511,0.001653678,0.0001245633],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9773611,0.0006726874,0.02099354,0.0004306483,0.0001698795,0.0003080145,0.00002479986,0.00002441525,0.00001494006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977882,0.0002338889,0.0006568899,0.0002525955,0.0007221201,0.00004083735,0.0002626702,0.00001208883,0.0000307354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03099548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4114091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03996492060044694,"score_gpt":0.2926980646746057,"score_spread":0.2527331440741588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}