{"id":"W3035401658","doi":"10.1109/msec.2020.2994827","title":"Is Hardware More Secure Than Software?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Security & Privacy","topic":"Security and Verification in Computing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Software; Embedded system; Computer hardware; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003519796,0.000315649,0.0004935662,0.001132439,0.001994008,0.006832146,0.0006311145,0.003267086,0.009068825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01853581,0.0002227194,0.0003150357,0.001287025,0.01995114,0.01525267,0.001940056,0.003763715,0.001648801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002110609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001732796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001902585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001372189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962317,0.001502561,0.0001642611,0.0005897353,0.001073715,0.0004379575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9854881,0.008802406,0.001981143,0.001493121,0.001646431,0.0005887533],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001037504,0.00003014925,0.003819559,0.0002088106,0.00002498159,0.0001761132,0.002069148,0.0002417447,0.0006374429,0.9418628,0.01079122,0.04003412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001823953,0.00009977016,0.006090499,0.0005257791,0.00003608294,0.0006220934,0.005888686,0.0006887529,0.001164344,0.8706991,0.114126,0.00004079997],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.108976,0.04564976,0.03645047,0.5498737,0.007029383,0.00003491611,0.0002612314,0.0001601971,0.2515644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9495819,0.01669677,0.002331835,0.02042527,0.003516221,0.00002116957,0.00007196324,0.00006190429,0.007293038],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009068825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03033823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04259706255952684,"score_gpt":0.2824557339893278,"score_spread":0.239858671429801,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}