{"id":"W3035504622","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2020/612","title":"BitcoinHeist: Topological Data Analysis for Ransomware Prediction on the Bitcoin Blockchain","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Topological and Geometric Data Analysis","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ransomware; Cryptocurrency; Computer science; Hacker; Computer security; Payment; Cryptography; Ransom; Heuristics; Asset (computer security); Malware; Operating system; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007914188,0.001043048,0.0009166853,0.004043481,0.0008561164,0.001565986,0.001251679,0.0009750935,0.003227537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006320977,0.0003506378,0.0006547837,0.002775539,0.0007327351,0.0026841,0.001953588,0.001162874,0.001630612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006435193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001001336,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004220078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006691086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992581,0.000168936,0.00005766937,0.0001621328,0.0002563192,0.0000967792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970239,0.001062433,0.0005325176,0.000644323,0.000498205,0.0002386782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006991457,0.0004622854,0.07230674,0.0004258634,0.0002077574,0.001137864,0.0006653178,0.4196694,0.01623009,0.05621832,0.01679753,0.4151798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006838038,0.00003723221,0.001689793,0.00001755257,0.000007082119,0.0001100961,0.00009746049,0.9806354,0.001527086,0.01411772,0.001740424,0.00001327333],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1453924,0.0005353144,0.8399599,0.0004994876,0.00007300668,0.0002089186,0.003655178,0.006194393,0.003481417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7806126,0.0003793722,0.2089741,0.00008049357,0.00006529631,0.0002069511,0.007312135,0.000236214,0.002132713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004220078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01079714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1491455436113459,"score_gpt":0.2869107010583967,"score_spread":0.1377651574470508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}