{"id":"W3035504622","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2020/612","title":"BitcoinHeist: Topological Data Analysis for Ransomware Prediction on the Bitcoin Blockchain","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Topological and Geometric Data Analysis","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ransomware; Cryptocurrency; Computer science; Hacker; Computer security; Payment; Cryptography; Ransom; Heuristics; Asset (computer security); Malware; Operating system; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006332304,0.0001620488,0.0003198086,0.0002023972,0.0002595168,0.000168885,0.003066914,0.00008549483,0.0005289295],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001025669,0.00008156263,0.0002495462,0.00486259,0.00007937002,0.00014781,0.0008227868,0.0001505018,0.00008759462],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001314193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001873685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006711997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003373872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980114,0.000124988,0.0003163811,0.0009031277,0.0003553766,0.0002887289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973453,0.0008463179,0.00008195663,0.001502881,0.0000604139,0.0001630991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001085757,0.0004523055,0.009710689,0.00001804788,0.002037612,0.00003174812,0.0003319282,0.008553801,0.0001169382,0.840848,0.09169543,0.04609495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002861355,0.0003750181,0.00416343,0.000001430226,0.0003356502,0.000001484382,0.0001110179,0.9368609,0.0001634267,0.004019013,0.05349524,0.0001872456],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003329284,0.00005065494,0.9202402,0.07454755,0.00006571211,0.0002194802,0.0004820958,0.0002476115,0.0008174558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9703741,0.00001744517,0.01723151,0.0114189,0.0001880769,0.00003435174,0.0002716125,0.000004564954,0.0004594527],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9670448,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5791407,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1491455436113459,"score_gpt":0.2869107010583967,"score_spread":0.1377651574470508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}