{"id":"W3036459534","doi":"10.1017/cnj.2020.7","title":"The long tail of language change: A trend and panel study of Québécois French futures","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Killam Trusts; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Futures contract; Psychology; Demography; Linguistics; Sociology; Economics; Financial economics; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002418868,0.0001523254,0.0003830622,0.0001454809,0.0006487447,0.00007435746,0.0006582696,0.0001453861,0.00002424007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0495654,0.000114892,0.00008480495,0.0003248228,0.0005534184,0.00001171504,0.00003053786,0.0004830839,3.439667e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000204368,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002542136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7959947,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9957462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979709,0.0005753083,0.0006441392,0.0001539774,0.0001614535,0.0004942418],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959944,0.0009805543,0.0007301038,0.0002361664,0.001134155,0.0009245584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003827363,0.0000360382,0.0207652,0.0000697547,0.0001518045,0.001081255,0.8580586,0.00005056989,0.00001951265,0.1176886,0.0004899487,0.001550452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002513626,0.00177024,0.119838,0.0004198861,0.0009296166,0.0002426103,0.3629955,0.0004733529,0.00007712783,0.007819717,0.5021509,0.0007694207],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9838244,0.002765155,0.00004416187,0.005292119,0.001959982,0.0004187979,0.00009874632,0.00001046096,0.005586158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950765,0.000101293,0.0001862729,0.0003666771,0.004098101,0.000005389122,0.000002280212,0.00002033732,0.0001431668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5016609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9584405,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0371399865387178,"score_gpt":0.2851079339069604,"score_spread":0.2479679473682426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}