{"id":"W3036705592","doi":"10.1007/s40273-020-00935-1","title":"Surrogate Endpoints in Health Technology Assessment: An International Review of Methodological Guidelines","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"PharmacoEconomics","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; European Commission; US-UK Fulbright Commission; Yale University","keywords":"Health technology; Surrogate endpoint; Medicine; Health care; Pharmacoeconomics; Health economics; Excellence; Documentation; Agency (philosophy); Economic evaluation; Public health; Intensive care medicine; Political science; Nursing","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.3951682,0.002861176,0.008181519,0.02311683,0.00177382,0.01165557,0.007703928,0.008849325,0.002961347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.5583556,0.002960147,0.009690695,0.03061578,0.00899588,0.008826306,0.009015366,0.01385376,0.001126233],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01303788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03125608,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007482419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006866535,"domain_scores_codex":[0.5896223,0.2751786,0.08259277,0.009034168,0.04224448,0.001327739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.2794237,0.633631,0.02625472,0.0193643,0.04031733,0.001008959],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003596112,0.0001204209,0.001956583,0.1683097,0.003726285,0.0001420165,0.002120553,0.004387605,0.0003219865,0.0859515,0.02500771,0.7075961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003123264,0.0002493663,0.002750519,0.5263754,0.004972526,0.0005481361,0.0007584095,0.003007859,0.001032925,0.09024714,0.3694769,0.0002685483],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002431873,0.9684743,0.01930174,0.009179981,0.0008803273,0.0003149341,0.0001694777,0.00003911982,0.001396866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01115584,0.9120223,0.06651209,0.00651433,0.001240163,0.001775284,0.0003987601,0.0001389469,0.0002422332],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6048318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7458653,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.8580959001230754,"score_gpt":0.6873668140175412,"score_spread":0.1707290861055342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}