{"id":"W3040592665","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107589","title":"Insights from mixing calculations and geochemical modeling of Montney Formation post hydraulic fracturing flowback water chemistry","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Hydraulic fracturing; Geology; Formation water; Imbibition; Unconventional oil; Petroleum engineering; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Oil shale","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002618638,0.0004453094,0.0003197216,0.0004796293,0.000904545,0.0008366298,0.0006802868,0.0008395888,0.001657626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008279584,0.0003579953,0.0003977254,0.0004093883,0.0002917993,0.0008666624,0.000429591,0.0005662261,0.0001786293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001816219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001873881,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1146475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09893285,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999018,0.00001379562,0.00001108036,0.00001819758,0.00003272611,0.00002234727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997686,0.0001059664,0.00002817197,0.00001729448,0.0000589919,0.00002107437],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002949187,0.0003032223,0.05351783,0.00007489647,0.00005131282,0.0004564952,0.000342479,0.863546,0.0541278,0.003586801,0.0008075223,0.02289071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002636598,0.00004542076,0.01388178,0.000004383815,0.00001372875,0.00002309345,0.0001040389,0.9750742,0.009896625,0.0004777425,0.0004312029,0.00002148381],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991025,0.00006844311,0.004092614,0.0002728794,0.00001397275,0.00002060921,0.0002903479,0.0001629398,0.004053234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983929,0.00002588718,0.0009447725,0.00001044706,0.000002700706,0.000004279151,0.00007932463,0.00001869334,0.0005209554],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1146475,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2279602,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00433978863202281,"score_gpt":0.1644573670760079,"score_spread":0.1601175784439851,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}