{"id":"W3041179138","doi":"10.3386/w27476","title":"The Impressive Effects of Tutoring on PreK-12 Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Experimental Evidence","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Diverse Education Studies and Reforms","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Meta-analysis; Reading (process); Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Psychology; Psychological intervention; Transformative learning; Intervention (counseling); Computer science; Pedagogy; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01625461,0.001781169,0.01137599,0.004318676,0.0005698522,0.002871612,0.001674018,0.001653456,0.004479133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05888943,0.0009692495,0.01555033,0.004937742,0.0009069899,0.001955627,0.001453796,0.001961132,0.0004161746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003161598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006130963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006273305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01649231,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9887615,0.005504425,0.003110681,0.0009545609,0.001428735,0.0002401159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9594785,0.03351298,0.003488698,0.0008935593,0.002312029,0.0003142185],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001697717,0.00005823651,0.001044187,0.8263198,0.1160251,0.00008044574,0.0001630082,0.0002364412,0.0002705336,0.0002726877,0.0008710512,0.05296078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001591908,0.001052427,0.00599218,0.2667215,0.7114995,0.0002067948,0.0002132633,0.0001516116,0.000712182,0.0006308031,0.01117507,0.00005271228],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002489812,0.9957996,0.0003769799,0.000174297,0.0001235303,0.0003276908,0.0002877742,0.00002154707,0.0003987932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.07317992,0.9224063,0.001879098,0.0007487093,0.0001329952,0.0009108416,0.000465313,0.00002659997,0.000250235],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01625461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08596361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5837861000275898,"score_gpt":0.6045179283845575,"score_spread":0.02073182835696774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}