{"id":"W3043221443","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v10n5p179","title":"The Syntax of Yes/No Questions in Modern Standard Arabic","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","keywords":"Interrogative; Syntax; Computer science; Feature (linguistics); Linguistics; Arabic; Syntactic structure; Natural language processing; Mandarin Chinese; Interrogative word; Modern Standard Arabic; Polarity (international relations); Artificial intelligence; Range (aeronautics); Programming language; Philosophy; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004950503,0.0001152631,0.0002319428,0.0001204679,0.00008184562,0.0001735115,0.0005013422,0.00004247219,0.0001188787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1576101,0.00009173072,0.000112753,0.00003791196,0.0001514665,0.00006163536,0.0000564152,0.0003144418,0.00000764926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001054485,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001964223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009286579,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000262779,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981748,0.00006421156,0.0008745737,0.0001029282,0.0006487062,0.0001347527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9738407,0.0006172875,0.000699859,0.0001104786,0.02465557,0.00007609149],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003241971,0.00009763298,0.001289745,0.00002587838,0.00021687,0.00004495911,0.03175588,0.001432824,0.00001486932,0.9611725,0.002502636,0.001121968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001711837,0.0004564448,0.0006278701,0.0004317571,0.0001438311,0.000002808517,0.008223376,0.008470031,0.0002684579,0.2218962,0.757453,0.0003143882],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1280733,0.002033583,0.01545497,0.02407022,0.2833042,0.0009160209,0.001338929,0.0002147828,0.544594],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9729533,0.00009962097,0.0009192948,0.0001587551,0.02575528,0.000001267907,0.000006454336,0.00001590079,0.00009017284],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.84488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8494857,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02335606529120799,"score_gpt":0.2629367868127705,"score_spread":0.2395807215215625,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}