{"id":"W3044886674","doi":"10.1364/oe.397119","title":"Designing the phase and amplitude of scalar optical fields in three dimensions","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Amplitude; Physics; Helmholtz equation; Scalar field; Optics; Scalar (mathematics); Field (mathematics); Optical field; Refractive index; Phase (matter); Helmholtz free energy; Classical mechanics; Mathematics; Electromagnetic field; Quantum mechanics; Geometry; Boundary value problem","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002838382,0.0003041757,0.0001469051,0.0002389485,0.0002468786,0.0006842776,0.0002807182,0.0003678866,0.001249837],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005734767,0.0002144029,0.0001766602,0.0002535313,0.0007466246,0.0006034364,0.0004233493,0.0003458193,0.000412498],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003909513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004094744,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001992565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002523272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998783,0.00002983592,0.000006682036,0.00002159519,0.00004652526,0.00001706324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997706,0.00008637394,0.00006712851,0.00002101296,0.00003873694,0.00001623056],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001564265,0.0001054751,0.001261472,0.0003357656,0.00001750905,0.0002212129,0.0003134561,0.04568747,0.49839,0.417181,0.0009862265,0.03534384],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001328659,0.0005768214,0.001165544,0.0001189747,0.00002767747,0.0007507907,0.0002694309,0.5094091,0.3536993,0.1036117,0.03010258,0.0001353151],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3397473,0.001102662,0.6153492,0.0007025263,0.0001718502,0.0001920387,0.0002035355,0.0002706251,0.04226032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.843262,0.001043434,0.1523594,0.0001376039,0.00002755418,0.000146466,0.00006485719,0.0000585422,0.00290022],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001249837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004181147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02266384405997999,"score_gpt":0.2640487875055739,"score_spread":0.2413849434455939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}